Autism in Children: Frequently Asked Questions
Understanding autism can feel overwhelming at first, especially if your child has recently been referred for assessment or received a diagnosis. This FAQ guide brings together clear answers to the questions parents ask most often about autism in children.
1. What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental difference that affects how a person communicates, interacts, and experiences the world. Autism is called a “spectrum” because it looks different for every individual — some children need a lot of daily support, while others are more independent but still experience social or sensory challenges.
2. What are the early signs of autism in children?
Early signs can vary, but common indicators include:
- Limited eye contact or response to name.
- Repetitive movements or play (e.g., spinning, lining up toys).
- Preference for routines and distress at small changes.
- Strong interests or focus on particular topics.
- Differences in communication (delayed speech, echolalia, or using gestures differently).
If you notice several of these signs, speak to your GP or health visitor for advice.
3. At what age can a child be diagnosed with autism?
Children in the UK can be assessed as early as two years old, though most diagnoses happen between ages 3–7. If you have concerns before school age, you can request an assessment through your local NHS community paediatric team or via your GP.
Due to long NHS waiting lists, you may want to self-refer for a private assessment instead to get your child assessed faster. Atypically can help you to find the perfect assessment for your needs.
4. What causes autism?
There’s no single known cause. Current research shows that autism is linked to genetic and neurological factors rather than parenting or environment. It’s not caused by vaccines or diet, and it’s no one’s fault.
5. Are autism rates increasing?
Reported rates of autism have risen in recent years, but this is mostly due to greater awareness and improved diagnosis rather than more children “developing” autism. Many autistic people were previously undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Read about how autism diagnosis has changed since the 1980s.
6. How is autism diagnosed in the UK?
The assessment usually involves several steps:
- Referral – via your GP, health visitor, or school SENCO. This can also be through self referral for a private assessment.
- Initial screening – questionnaires and developmental history.
- Multidisciplinary assessment – with professionals such as a paediatrician, psychologist, or speech and language therapist.
- You’ll receive a written report confirming the diagnosis and recommendations for support.
7. What’s the difference between autism and other developmental differences?
Autism specifically affects social communication, interaction, and sensory processing. Other developmental conditions (such as ADHD, dyspraxia, or language disorders) may share some traits but have different causes and support needs. Some children have more than one diagnosis — this is known as co-occurring conditions.
8. Can autism occur alongside ADHD or other conditions?
Yes. Many autistic children also have ADHD, anxiety, dyslexia, or sensory processing differences. This overlap is common and can affect how a child learns, communicates, and regulates emotions.
9. What educational support is available in UK schools?
All schools in England and Wales must follow the SEND Code of Practice (2015).
Support can include:
- A SEN Support Plan with tailored classroom strategies.
- Extra help from a Teaching Assistant.
- Access to a quiet or sensory space.
- An Education, Health and Care Plan (EHCP) for pupils with significant needs.
Speak to your school’s SENCO to start the process.
10. How do sensory issues affect autistic children?
Many autistic children are either over-sensitive or under-sensitive to things like noise, light, textures, and smells.
Examples include:
- Covering ears in noisy environments.
- Avoiding certain fabrics or foods.
- Seeking pressure (tight hugs, weighted blankets).
Occupational therapy and sensory-friendly adaptations (like uniform adjustments or quieter spaces) can help.
11. How can I support communication and social skills?
Use clear, literal language and visual aids (pictures, routines, symbols).
Model social behaviour calmly rather than forcing interaction.
Celebrate your child’s interests — they can be great tools for connection.
Speech and Language Therapy can also provide targeted support.
12. How should I respond to challenging behaviours?
Challenging behaviours usually have an underlying cause — sensory overload, frustration, or anxiety.
- Stay calm and avoid punishment.
- Identify triggers (loud noises, transitions, hunger, tiredness).
- Offer safe spaces and predictable routines.
- Positive Behaviour Support (PBS) can be an effective approach.
13. What therapies or interventions work best?
Evidence-based support includes:
- Speech and Language Therapy
- Occupational Therapy (for sensory and motor needs)
- Social skills groups
- Parent training programmes (such as EarlyBird or Cygnet)
Be cautious of “quick-fix” interventions that lack scientific backing.
14. Can autism be cured?
Autism is not an illness and therefore doesn’t need to be “cured”. The focus should be on understanding, acceptance, and support, helping your child thrive as their authentic self.
15. How can I help my autistic child handle transitions?
Use visual timetables, social stories, and rehearsals to prepare for change (e.g. new school, holidays). Giving advance notice and sticking to routines helps reduce anxiety.
16. How does autism affect family life?
Autism can bring both challenges and unique strengths to a family. Siblings may need extra reassurance and understanding. Many UK charities, such as Autism UK, Ambitious about Autism, and National Autistic Society, offer family support groups and workshops. Find useful links here.
17. What does the future look like for autistic children?
Many autistic individuals live fulfilling lives — attending university, working, and forming relationships. Early support, inclusive education, and understanding communities make a huge difference in long-term outcomes.
18. How do I talk to my child about their autism?
Be open and positive. Explain that autism simply means their brain works differently — they might notice things others miss or have special interests. Use resources like The Awesome Autistic Kids Book Club or All About Me workbooks to help start the conversation.
19. What are common myths about autism?
- Autism is not caused by vaccines.
- It is not the result of bad parenting.
- Not all autistic children are non-verbal or gifted.
- Girls can be autistic too — they’re just often under-diagnosed.
20. How can I prepare for an autism assessment?
Before your appointment:
- Write down observations about your child’s communication, routines, and sensitivities.
- Gather school reports or feedback from teachers.
- Bring any developmental records or earlier assessments.
Being organised helps professionals get a clear picture of your child’s needs.
Every autistic child is unique. The journey may come with challenges, but it’s also full of discoveries, growth, and connection. With understanding, patience, and the right support from schools, healthcare professionals, and other parents, your child can flourish in their own way.
Written by Ben Friedman, Founder of Atypically.
Ben has years of first hand experience as a father of an autistic son and a SEND advocate. All content is thoroughly researched to help parents to be as informed as possible when navigating private assessments and meaningful interventions for their neurodiverse children. Ben also holds a CPD Accredited Certification in the Treatment and Management of Additional Needs Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
With NHS waiting lists now taking up to 2 years in some areas for a final diagnosis, now is the time to get your child the help they need. By going private, you can cut the waiting time down to a few weeks instead and it it doesn't cost as much as you might think!
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